BASICS OF BUDDHISM: ”Impermanence, Suffering, and No-Self: The Three Marks of Existence”
(Topic suggested by members of the Yale Buddhist Sanga)
Note: This is the second in a five-part series of lively, engaged Dharma Discussions focused on “Basics of Buddhism, ” in response to requests from sangha members for information about the fundamentals of Buddhist histories, principles, and practices. Future discussion topics will include “Getting Free: The Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path,” “Saving All Beings: The Bodhisattva Path,” and a final summation. You do not need to have attended the first session to participate in this or future discussions.
The Buddha didn’t set out to start a new religion. According to the stories passed down to us, he refused to answer theological questions and described himself instead as a kind of physician whose role was to diagnose and heal the causes of suffering. He was interested in this life, this existence. Based on his direct experience he observed that the three marks of this existence are impermanence, no-self, and suffering. The truth of impermanence is that everything in the universe constantly changes. The truth of no-self is that there is no substantive, enduring “me” to hold on to. The truth of suffering is that if we do try to hold on to the illusion of ego, or cling to our desires for permanency, we’ll create misery for ourselves and others. The good news is that we don’t need to hold on. We can find freedom and joy by letting go of these illusions and awakening to the world as it really is.
The doctrine of the Three Marks of Existence raises some interesting questions. If nothing lasts, are all of our efforts on this earth futile? Is life meaningless? If everything is impermanent, then there can be no eternal Deity – but then why do some Buddhist sects worship the Buddha as if he’s a god? If self is an illusion, what is this “me” that feels so essential to functioning in the world? Further, many schools of Buddhism (though not all) believe in reincarnation – but if there’s no self, what is it that reincarnates? How does karma operate? And in regard to suffering, is it merely the result of clinging to illusion? What about the widespread suffering caused by war and social oppression? Is there an active evil in the world? How does Buddhism address these questions?
Let’s explore them together. Bring your own questions and join us for a brief meditation period (beginner instruction available) followed by an open Dharma Discussion facilitated by Reverend Kanji. Everyone is welcome – new and experienced practitioners from all Buddhist traditions, and non-Buddhists, too!